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Patria del Friuli
The Patria del Friuli〔Carla Marcato, "The Friulian Lexicon", in Rosa Mucignat, ed., ''The Friulian Language: Identity, Migration, Culture'' (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014), p. 63: "at least since the twelfth century, the designation ''Patria del Friuli'' ("Fatherland of Friuli") has been used to indicate the Patriarchate of Aquileia, which as a territorial entity dates back to 1077. . . The designation ''Patria del Friuli'' continued to be used ... during Venetian rule over Friuli."〕 ((ラテン語:Patria Fori Iulii), ) was the territory under the temporal rule of the Patriarch of Aquileia and one of the ecclesiastical states of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1420, the Republic of Venice acquired it, but it continued to be ruled for some time under its own laws and customs.
== Foundation ==
The former Duchy of Friuli in the Italian Kingdom of the Lombards had been conquered by Charlemagne in 774 and incorporated as a march of the Carolingian Empire. When in 952 King Otto I of Germany invaded Italy, he added the Friulian territory to the March of Verona, ruled by the Dukes of Bavaria, from 976 by the Dukes of Carinthia.
During the Investiture Controversy of 1077, King Henry IV of Germany deposed the Veronese margrave Duke Berthold II of Carinthia, as he had sided with antiking Rudolf of Rheinfelden. On 3 April 1077 at Pavia Henry, on his way back from the Walk to Canossa, vested Patriarch Sieghard of Beilstein with immediate comital rights in the Friulian lands of Verona, raising him to the status of a Prince-Bishop. The remaining margraviate passed with the Carinthian duchy to Henry's liensman Liutold of Eppenstein.
Sieghard in turn safely conducted the king across the Alps. Back in Germany, King Henry in addition nominally assigned the suzerainty over the marches of Carniola and Istria to the patriarchs as ecclesiastical Princes of the Holy Roman Empire. The act, traditionally regarded as the birth of the ecclesiastical state of Aquileia, led to a long-time conflict with the rivaling margraves from the Carinthian House of Sponheim and the Andechs dukes of Merania.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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